Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of a glaciotectonized Early and Middle Pleistocene land surface, palaeosol and river sediments: Great Sampford, Suffolk, England

Glaciotectonized sediments and palaeosol at Great Sampford, western Suffolk , England are reconstructed to their original positions in order to determi ne the form of the original land surface and the associated soil developmen t. The restored stratigraphy consists of Early Pleistocene Kesgrave Sands a nd Gravels which were deposited by the 'pre-glacial' river Thames, with the Early-Middle Pleistocene Valley Farm Soil developed on a terrace surface. These units are overlain by Sampford Deformation Till and Lowestoft Till. w hich were formed during the Middle Pleistocene Anglian glaciation. The micr omorphological features of the reconstructed soil are interpreted in terms of three climatic cycles, each comprising a period of temperate climate soi l formation followed by cold climate soil disruption. The final stage of di sruption is associated with the periglacial climate that preceded Anglian g lacierization. This pedological reconstruction is the most complex yet reco gnized from British Early and Middle Pleistocene palaeosols and provides an insight into major climatic oscillations prior to the Anglian Glaciation. The surface upon which the soil developed is one of the oldest terraces of the 'pre-glacial' River Thames that were formed when this river flowed nort hwards through East Anglia.