Photothermal and light emitting diodes as detectors for trace detection incapillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis is a microvolume separation technique increasingl y achieving recognition for use in the separation of inorganic and organic compounds due to its short analysis time, and sample volumes in the nanolit er to picoliter range. Photothermal techniques and light emitting diodes ha ve important advantages to offer in detection devices. This overview discus ses the applications of these detectors to trace detection and determinatio n of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, metal ions, environmental pollutants, ami no acids, etc. The basic principles and advances in these detector systems and their applications using capillary electrophoresis in terms of increasi ng detection limits are also discussed.