This paper investigates two differing perspectives on the compass rose - th
ose of Crack and Ledoit [1996, The Journal of Finance 51 (2), 751-762] and
Szpiro [1998, Journal of Banking and Finance 22, 1559-1569]. Neither perspe
ctive has explicitly considered the effect of time and we consider the impl
ications of this with illustrations using market micro data. (C) 2000 Elsev
ier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C12.