This article reviews the current stale of consensus reached for the diagnos
is of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy on the basis of conventional h
istopathological and immunohistochemical methods for inflammatory infiltrat
es in addition to molecular biological methods for persistence of viral gen
ome in endomyocardial biopsies.
Additionally, a brief overview is presented stating the current knowledge o
n effector mechanisms of the immune system in myocarditis and dilated cardi
omyopathy.