Measuring team knowledge

Multioperator tasks often require complex cognitive processing at the team level. Many team cognitive processes, such as situation assessment and coor dination, are thought to rely on team knowledge. Team knowledge is multifac eted and comprises relatively generic knowledge in the form of team mental models and more specific team situation models. In this methodological revi ew paper, we review recent efforts to measure team knowledge in the context of mapping specific methods onto features of targeted team knowledge. Team knowledge features include type, homogeneity versus heterogeneity, and rat e of knowledge change. Measurement features include knowledge elicitation m ethod, team metric, and aggregation method. When available, we highlight an alytical conclusions or empirical data that support a connection between te am knowledge and measurement method. In addition, we present empirical resu lts concerning the relation between team knowledge and performance for each measurement method and identify research and methodological needs. Address ing issues surrounding the measurement of team knowledge is a prerequisite to understanding team cognition and its relation to team performance and to designing training programs or devices to facilitate team cognition.