In this review, we critically assess the literature on the incidence of pos
tphlebitic syndrome, risk factors for its occurrence, available therapeutic
options, and its effects on quality of life. As well, we describe availabl
e tools to measure postphlebitic syndrome. Recent prospective studies indic
ate that postphlebitic syndrome, a chronic, potentially disabling condition
characterized by leg swelling, pain, venous ectasia, and skin induration,
is established by 1 year after deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 17% to 50% of
patients. The only prospectively identified risk factor for its occurrence
is recurrent ipsilateral DVT. In the sole randomized study available, daily
use of elastic compression stockings after proximal DVT reduced the incide
nce of postphlebitic syndrome by 50%. Treatment options for established pos
tphlebitic syndrome are limited, but include compression stockings and inte
rmittent compressive therapy with an extremity pump for severe cases. To da
te, quality of life after DVT has received little attention in the literatu
re. The recent development of the VEINES-QOL questionnaire, a validated ven
ous-disease-specific measure of quality of life, should encourage researche
rs to include quality of life as a routine outcome measure after DVT. There
is no criterion standard for the diagnosis of postphlebitic syndrome, but
a validated clinical scoring system does exist. More research on postphlebi
tic syndrome is needed to enable us to provide DVT patients with comprehens
ive, evidence-based information regarding their long-term prognosis, to hel
p quantify the prevalence and health care burden of postphlebitic syndrome,
and by identifying predictors of poor outcome, to develop new preventive s
trategies in patients at risk of developing this condition.