Rc. Santell et al., Genistein inhibits growth of estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells in culture but not in athymic mice, J NUTR, 130(7), 2000, pp. 1665-1669
The studies presented were conducted to assess the effect of the soy isofla
vone genistein on proliferation of estrogen-independent human breast cancer
cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro and in vivo. Genistein (20 mu mol/L) inhibited
cell proliferation in vitro by similar to 50%. Cell cycle progression was
blocked in G(2)/M with 40 and 80 mu mol/L genistein. To evaluate the effect
of dietary genistein on tumor growth in vivo, genistein was fed to female
athymic mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. After solid tumor masses had
formed, mice were fed genistein at a dose (750 mu g/g AIN-93G diet), shown
to produce a total plasma genistein concentration of similar to 1 mu mol/L
. This dose of genistein did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter tumor growt
h. Studies were then conducted to assess the effect of dietary genistein on
initial tumor development and growth. Genistein (750 mu g/g AIN-93G diet),
fed 3 d before cells were inoculated into mice, did not significantly (P >
0.05) inhibit tumor formation or growth. The plasma concentration of genis
tein in mice fed this dose of dietary genistein (750 mu g/g AIN-93G diet) d
oes not appear sufficient to inhibit tumor formation or growth. Dietary gen
istein at 750 mu g/g AIN-93G diet does not inhibit tumor formation or growt
h. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effect of dietary dos
ages ranging from 0 to 6000 mu g/g AIN-93G diet on plasma genistein concent
ration. Plasma genistein concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner
up to 7 mu mol/L at 6000 mu g/g AIN-93G diet. These data suggest that alth
ough genistein inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro, it is unlikely that th
e plasma concentration required to inhibit cancer cell growth in vivo can b
e achieved from a dietary dosage of genistein.