Depression in patients with cardiac disease: a practical review

Some degree of depression affects at least 30% of hospitalized patients wit h coronary artery disease (CAD), and is associated with increased risks of mortality and continuing depression over at least the first year following hospital discharge. Despite its consequences for prognosis and quality of l ife, depression is underrecognized and undertreated in cardiac patients. Th e diagnosis of depression is complicated in patients with medical illness. Their symptoms can reflect physical as well as psychological complaints. Ma ny CAD patients resist the idea of additional medications, and drug interac tions can be problematic for those willing to accept antidepressant treatme nt. Finally, depression tends to recur. Its successful treatment requires a long-term commitment from both physician and patient. This article examine s the special challenges involved in diagnosing depression in patients with CAD. outlines available psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments, and considers the issues involved in deciding which patients to treat, with what approach, and for how long. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.