Diagnosis of canine claw disease - a prospective study of 24 dogs

The aetiology of claw disease in 24 dogs exhibiting only claw disease was i nvestigated with cytologic examination of claw exudate, complete blood coun t (CBC), serum biochemistry panel, urinalysis, total thyroxine (tT4) concen tration, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titre, bacterial culture and sensitivit y testing, fungal culture, histopathology of claw biopsy samples and elimin ation diet. Abnormalities on the CBC. serum biochemistry panel and urinalys is were minor and nonspecific. Total T4 concentrations were within the norm al laboratory reference range. Fungal cultures and ANA titres were negative in all dogs. A bacterial infection was present in approximately half of th e dogs. On histological examination of claw tissue, a cell-poor or cell-ric h interface onychitis was seen in all but one dog. Evidence for an adverse reaction to food was present in four dogs. One dog responded completely to antibiotic therapy. Interface onychitis seems to be a histological reaction pattern of the claw matrix in the dog with various possible underlying aet iologies. In dogs with claw disease as the only clinical sign, the recommen ded initial diagnostic evaluation includes cytologic examination, bacterial culture and sensitivity, claw biopsy and an elimination diet.