Conflicts and missed signals in psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and Gestalt psychology

At the turn of the 20th century, European psychologists found themselves in conflict situations with respect to the role that private mental states sh ould play in a scientific psychology. Out of this conflict arose 3 of the b est-known schools of the 20th century psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and Gest alt psychology. Each of these schools is discussed with respect to two char acteristics. First, the authors discuss the attitude of each school on the meaning of the word unconscious as it was understood around 1900. Second th e authors discuss the influence of each school on the reception accorded to books written around 1900 espousing viewpoints that did not cohere with th e school's beliefs. Such books may be considered "missed signals" in the hi story of psychology. "Hits" associated with each school are also highlighte d.