Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in HD patients: Role in electronegative LDL formation

High cardiovascular mortality in patients on hemodialysis (HD) is largely a ttributed to oxidative stress and altered lipoprotein profiles. Markedly in creased levels of mildly modified LDL subfractions, such as dense LDL and e lectronegatively charged LDL (LDL-), are present in the blood of HD patient s and may be markers of atherosclerosis risk. LDL-, characterized by modifi ed protein content and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products, is r epresentative of multiple oxidative processes acting on plasma lipoproteins that prevail during HD. In this review, we discussed known mechanisms lead ing to that may account for oxidative protein modification and/or LDL- form ation in the context of specific conditions associated with HD, Copyright ( C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.