We study the three-dimensional Anderson model of localization with anisotro
pic hopping, i.e., weakly coupled chains and weakly coupled planes. In our
extensive numerical study we identify and characterize the metal-insulator
transition by means of the transfer-matrix method. The values of the critic
al disorder W-c obtained are consistent with results of previous studies, i
ncluding multifractal analysis of the wave functions and energy-level stati
stics. W-c decreases from its isotropic value with a power law as a functio
n of anisotropy. Using high accuracy data for large system sizes we estimat
e the critical exponent as v = 1.62 +/- 0.07. This is in agreement with its
value in the isotropic case and in other models of the orthogonal universa
lity class.