Ap. Kohm et al., Activation of antigen-specific CD4(+) Th2 cells and B cells in vivo increases norepinephrine release in the spleen and bone marrow, J IMMUNOL, 165(2), 2000, pp. 725-733
The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) binds to the beta(2)-adrenergic re
ceptor (beta(2)AR) expressed on various immune cells to influence cell homi
ng, proliferation, and function. Previous reports showed that NE stimulatio
n of the B cell beta(2)AR is necessary for the maintenance of an optimal pr
imary and secondary Th2 cell-dependent Ab response in vivo. In the present
study we investigated the mechanism by which activation of Ag-specific CD4(
+) Th2 cells and B cells in vivo by a soluble protein Ag increases NE relea
se in the spleen and bone marrow. Our model system used scid mice that were
reconstituted with a clone of keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific Th2 cells
and trinitrophenyl-specific B cells. Following immunization, the rate of N
E release in the spleen and bone marrow was determined using [H-3]NE turnov
er analysis. Immunization of reconstituted scid mice with a cognate Ag incr
eased the rate of NE release in the spleen and bone marrow 18-25 h, but not
1-8 h, following immunization. In contrast, immunization of mice with a no
ncognate Ag had no effect on the rate of NE release at any time. The cognat
e Ag-induced increase in NE release was partially blocked by ganglionic blo
ckade with chlorisondamine, suggesting a role for both pre- and postganglio
nic signals in regulating NE release. Thus, activation of Ag-specific Th2 c
ells and B cells in vivo by a soluble protein Ag increases the rate of NE r
elease and turnover in the spleen and bone marrow 18-25 h after immunizatio
n.