Gender differences in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease

OBJECTIVE: previous studies have shown that women receive fewer invasive pr ocedures for the treatment of coronary artery disease than men, but gender differences in cerebrovascular disease have not been well studied. Our obje ctive was to explore differences in the treatment of stroke between men and women. DESIGN: Secondary database analyses. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Me examined the use of carotid endarterectomy in a nati onally representative sample of Medicare enrollees aged 65 to 84, hospitali zed for a principal diagnosis of stroke in 1992, the "all strokes group". W e also studied a subgroup of patients, the "carotid disease subgroup", admi tted with a principal diagnosis of precerebral arterial occlusion and steno sis or transient cerebral ischemia. MEASUREMENTS: We determined rates of carotid endarterectomy for the all str okes group within gender and age groups and calculated corresponding female -to-male relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also per formed similar analyses for the carotid disease subgroup. We then used logi stic regression to estimate the relative risk of use of carotid endarterect omy for women, controlling for age and comorbidity. RESULTS: The all-strokes group consisted of 3356 women and 2927 men, of who m 1009 women and 990 men were in the carotid disease subgroup. The overall age-adjusted female-to-male relative risk of undergoing carotid endarterect omy for those aged 65 to 84 was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.64-0.74) in the all strokes group and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72-0.82) in the carotid disease subgroup. In bot h analyses, the RR became more pronounced with increasing age. In the all s trokes group, for example, the RR was 0.80 (0.70-0.92) for those aged 65 to 69 and 0.39 (0.32-0.48) for those aged 80 to 84. The RR for the all stroke s group remained similar in magnitude even after controlling for comorbidit y (RR, 0.63 and 95% CI, 0.59-0.70). CONCLUSION: We conclude that women hospitalized for strokes undergo fewer c arotid endarterectomies than men. Further studies are needed to examine the reasons for and implications of this gender difference.