Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis for studying genetic relationships among Mangifera species in Thailand

The phylogenetic relationships among 14 Mangifera L. species including thre e economically important species, i.e., common mango (M, indica L,), horse mango (M. foetida Lour.) and kwini (M. odorata Griff,), were analyzed by co mparing 217 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The unwe ighted pair grouping method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and neighbor- joining (NJ) method were used and two outgroup tare, cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L,) and gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff.), were added to bot h analyses. The common mango was closely related to banana mango (M. sylvat ica Roxb.), M. laurina Bl., and M. oblongifolia Hook.f. Intraspecific varia tion among seven cultivars of common mango was much smaller than interspeci fic variation and these cultivars were classified into one M, indica group using both methods. Mangifera macrocarpa Bl., M. foetida, and M. odorata we re also related to M. indica in both UPGMA and NJ trees, although these thr ee species are classified into a different subgenus (subgenus Limus) from t he subgenus Mangifera to which M. indica belongs. Also, in both UPGMA and N J trees, M. gedebe Mig. and M. griffithii Hk.f. were placed in distant posi tions among the Mangifera species tested, indicating these two species are related distantly to M. indica. The AFLP technique was confirmed to be usef ul for phylogenetic analysis.