Breast-conserving radiation therapy using combined electron and intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique

Background and purpose: To explore the feasibility of a multi-modality brea st-conserving radiation therapy treatment technique to reduce high dose to the ipsilateral lung and the heart when compared with the conventional trea tment technique using two tangential fields. Materials and methods: An electron beam with appropriate energy was combine d with four intensity modulated photon beams. The direction of the electron beam was chosen to be tilted 10-20 degrees laterally from the anteroposter ior direction. Two of the intensity-modulated photon beams had the same gan try angles as the conventional tangential fields, whereas the other two bea ms were rotated 15-25 degrees toward the anteroposterior directions from th e first two photon beams. An iterative algorithm was developed which optimi zes the weight of the electron beam as well as the fluence profiles of the photon beams for a given patient. Two breast cancer patients with early-sta ge breast tumors were planned with the new technique and the results were c ompared with those from 3D planning using tangential fields as well as 9-fi eld intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques. Results: The combined electron and IMRT plans showed better dose conformity to the target with significantly reduced dose to the ipsilateral lung and, in the case of the left-breast patient, reduced dose to the heart, than th e tangential field plans. In both the right-sided and left-sided breast pla ns, the dose to other normal structures was similar to that from convention al plans and was much smaller than that from the 9-field IMRT plans. The op timized electron beam provided between 70 to 80% of the prescribed dose at the depth of maximum dose of the electron beam. Conclusions: The combined electron and IMRT technique showed improvement ov er the conventional treatment technique using tangential fields with reduce d dose to the ipsilateral lung and the heart. The customized beam direction s of the four LMRT fields also kept the dose to other critical structures t o a minimum. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.