Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement using 2-mm instrumentation

Background: Laparoscopy has potential benefit in the placement of ventricul operitoneal shunts. In patients who have undergone multiple shunt revisions or other abdominal operations, laparoscopy may be particularly beneficial when finding of a suitable area in which to place the shunt is a concern. T he purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of la paroscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, with an empha sis on using 2-mm instrumentation. Methods Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement usin g 2-mm instrumentation was per formed in eight adult hydrocephalus patients from August 1996 to September 1998. All eight patients had undergone 1 to 18 prior shunt revisions. The procedures were performed with two 2-mm troca rs. The instrumentation consisted of a 2-mm laparoscope, a 2-mm grasper, an d 2-mm scissors. All shunts were placed in an area free of adhesions and ch ecked for flow under direct vision. Four of the patients required a lysis o f adhesions to create a space adequate for catheter placement. Results: All of the procedures were successful, with no operative complicat ions. The operative times ranged from 29 to 99 min, (mean, 63 min). The blo od loss in all of the procedures was minimal. At this writing, none of the patients have required subsequent distal shunt revisions. No conversions to larger instruments or an open procedure were required. Conclusions: Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement using 2-mm instrumentation is safe and effective, offering several advanta ges over the open procedure. This procedure is ideal for the use of 2-mm in struments.