An uncommon etiology of isolated pleural effusion - The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

We report three cases of pleural effusion in the context of ovarian stimula tion for in vitro fertilization. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome usua lly causes pleural effusion and ascites. When the latter is lacking, an iso lated pleural effusion in a pregnant patient can be mistaken for pulmonary embolism. Early recognition of the condition should allow for an appropriat e diagnostic and therapeutic management. Except for some rare but life-thre atening complications, such as major hypovolemia or respiratory distress sy ndrome, the spontaneous outcome is usually favorable. The pathogenesis of t his condition may involve an increase of capillary permeability due to the release of vasoactive mediators.