Cloverleaf skull and multiple congenital anomalies in a girl exposed to cocaine in utero: case report and review of the literature

The case of a girl with cloverleaf skull (CLS) and multiple congenital anom alies is reported. Both parents have a history of drug use. Maternal cocain e abuse during the first trimester of pregnancy was obvious, and other drug s, such as marihuana and alcohol, were also taken by the mother. Many centr al nervous system malformations have been reported in association with coca ine abuser the most severe being midline defects and neural tube defects. T o our knowledge this is the first case reported of CLS anomaly associated w ith drug exposure. We also describe other anomalies not previously reported in association with CLS.