Increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1
Sa. Madhi et al., Increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1, J PEDIAT, 137(1), 2000, pp. 78-84
Objectives: To determine the burden of viral associated severe lower respir
atory tract infections (SLRTI) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HI
V+) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) urban black South African children.
Methods: Children with SLRTI aged 2 to 60 months were enrolled between Marc
h 1997 and March 1998. Monoclonal antibody immunofluorescent testing was pe
rformed on nasopharyngeal aspirates to detect respiratory syncytial virus (
RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1-3, and adenovirus-specific ant;gen
s.
Results: Of the 990 children studied, 44.6% were HIV+. The estimated burden
of disease of viral associated SLRTI in children under 2 years was increas
ed for RSV, influenza A/B viruses, parainfluenza 1-3 viruses, and adenoviru
s in children who were HIV+ compared with children who were HIV- (P <.001).
Viral pathogens, however, were identified less frequently (15.7% vs 34.8%,
P < 10(-5)) and bacterial pathogens more frequently (12.5% vs 5.8%, P <.00
01) in children who were HIV+ than in children who were HIV- and had SLRTI.
The seasonal peak for RSV in late summer-early autumn observed in children
who were HIV- was less evident in children who were HIV+ (P =.02). Childre
n who were HIV+ and had virus-associated SLRTI had a higher mortality rate
(7.5%) than did children who were HIV- (0%, P <10(-3)).
Conclusions: The contribution of viral associated SLRTI differs between HIV
+ and HIV- children. In HIV+ children in South Africa, RSV isolation is not
limited by season.