Pharmacokinetics of sodium tungstate in rat and dog: a population approach

Sodium tungstate has been found to correct hyperglycemia in insulin- and no ninsulin-dependent models of diabetes when administered in drinking fluid w ith a low degree of toxicity; thus, it provides a potential treatment for d iabetes. In the present report, pharmacokinetic studies with sodium tungsta te were carried out in the Sprague-Dawley rat and beagle dog. This drug was administered either i.v. (8.97 mg/kg in rat; 25 and 50 mg/kg in dog) or or ally in the form of solution (35.9 and 107.7 mg/kg in rat; 25 and 50 mg/kg in dog). Tungsten was quantified using an inductively coupled plasma method . Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a population approach. So dium tungstate followed first order kinetics, and plasma concentration-vers us-time data were adequately described by a two-compartment model. In rat, bioavailability was high (92%), whereas it was lower in dog (approximately 65%). The total volume of distribution expressed by unit of body weight was much higher when the animal was smaller (0.46 l/kg in rat versus 0.23 l/kg in dog). The total body clearance normalized by weight, 0.19 l/h/kg in rat versus 0.043 l/h/kg in dog, changed as for the volume of distribution. The elimination half-life was two times higher in dog (approximately 4 h) than in rat (approximately 1.7 h). In the range of 35.9 to 107.7 mg/kg after or al administration in rat and 25 to 50 mg/kg after oral and i.v. administrat ion in dog, tungsten plasma concentrations increased in proportion to dose.