Shifts of focus on various aspects of user information problems during interactive information retrieval

The author presents the results of additional analyses of shifts of focus i n IR interaction. Results indicate that users and search intermediaries wor k toward search goats in nonlinear fashion. Twenty interactions between 20 different users and one of four different search intermediaries were examin ed. Analysis of discourse between the two parties during interactive inform ation retrieval (IR) shows changes in topic occurs, on average, every seven utterances. These twenty interactions included some 9,858 utterances and 1 ,439 foci. Utterances are defined as any uninterrupted sound, statement, ge sture, etc., made by a participant in the discourse dyad. These utterances are segmented by the researcher according to their inentional focus, i.e., the topic on which the conversation between the user and search intermediar y focus until the focus changes (i.e., shifts of focus). In all but two of the 20 interactions, the search intermediary initiated a majority of shifts of focus. Six focus categories were observed. These were foci dealing with : documents; evaluation of search results; search strategies; IR system; to pic of the search; and information about the user.