In situ observations of the early stages of localized corrosion in Type 304 SS using the electrochemical atomic force microscope

In situ. time-lapse images of the early stages of pitting in dilute NaCl so lutions, and intergranular corrosion in dilute oxalic acid solutions, have been obtained in Type 304 SS (UNS S30400) using an electrochemical atomic f orce microscope (ECAFM). A pit was observed to grow from an irregular shape with ledges along the pit walls, to a round pit with an island formation. over a 6-min time span. Grain boundary chromium carbides were exposed, and then partially dissolved, over a 26-min time span. The intergranular corros ion was most prominent along the grain boundary between the carbides, rathe r than between the carbides and the matrix, leaving the carbides intact via ligaments of matrix material. This study demonstrated the usefulness and c omplexities in using the ECAFM for studying the early stages in pitting and intergranular corrosion. Published by Elsevier Science S.A.