Protein selection, food intake, and body composition in response to the amount of dietary protein

Though not universally observed, moderately low-protein diets have been fou nd to increase caloric intake and body fat. It appears that animals overeat in calories in order to obtain more dietary protein. For animals to contro l protein intake, they must be able to distinguish between two isocaloric d iets containing different percentages of protein and make the appropriate d ietary selection on the basis of their previous history of protein intake. Experiment 1 examined the 24-h diet selection (5 vs, 35% casein) of Sprague -Dawley rats that had been previously fed diets containing various percenta ges of dietary protein (5, 10, 20, 35, or 60% casein). Animals fed 5, 10, o r 20% dietary protein showed a preference for the higher protein selection diet. In contrast, no significant diet preference was found in animals pre- fed the two higher levels of dietary protein (35 or 60% casein). In this st udy, daily food intake and body fat of rats fed the low-protein diets (5 an d 10% casein) were similar to rats fed the 20% casein diet. Experiment 2 ex amined the effects of the level of methionine supplementation on mts fed 10 % casein. in this study, food intake and body fat were increased by approxi mately 20% in rats fed 10% casein diets, regardless of the level of methion ine supplementation (0.3 vs. 0.15%). Together, the results suggest that the presence of low-protein-induced hyperphagia helps maintain body protein le vels in the face of moderately low dietary protein and promotes an increase in the amount of body fat and energy. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All r ights reserved.