E. Nakamura et al., ATP activates DNA synthesis by acting on P2X receptors in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, AM J P-CELL, 279(2), 2000, pp. C510-C519
In human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, extracellular ATP increased [H-3] thy
midine incorporation and cell proliferation and synergistically enhanced pl
atelet-derived growth factor- or insulin-like growth factor I-induced [H-3]
thymidine incorporation. ATP-induced [H-3] thymidine incorporation was mim
icked by the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate
) and adenosine 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate and was inhibited by the P2 pur
inoceptor antagonist suramin, suggesting involvement of P2 purinoceptors. T
he P2Y receptor agonist UTP and UDP and a P2Y receptor antagonist reactive
blue 2 did not affect [H-3] thymidine incorporation, whereas the P2X recept
or antagonist pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4-disulfonic acid inhibite
d ATP-induced [H-3] thymidine incorporation, suggesting that ATP-induced DN
A synthesis was mediated by P2X receptors. RT-PCR analysis revealed that MG
-63 cells expressed P2X(4), P2X(5), P2X(6), and P2X(7), but not P2X(1), P2X
(2), and P2X(3), receptors. In fura 2-loaded cells, not only ATP, but also
UTP, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and inhibitors for several
Ca2+-activated protein kinases had no effect on ATP-induced DNA synthesis,
suggesting that an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration is not ind
ispensable for ATP-induced DNA synthesis. ATP increased mitogen-activated p
rotein kinase activity in a Ca2+-independent manner and synergistically enh
anced platelet-derived growth factor- or insulin-like growth factor I-induc
ed kinase activity. Furthermore, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinas
e inhibitor PD-98059 totally abolished ATP-induced DNA synthesis. We conclu
de that ATP increases DNA synthesis and enhances the proliferative effects
of growth factors through P2X receptors by activating a mitogen-activated p
rotein kinase pathway.