Optimality of cell arrangement and rules of thumb of cell initiation in Polistes dominulus: a modeling approach

Possible adaptivity and mechanisms of nest construction of a paper wasp, Po listes dominulus, were studied by analyses of nest structures and modeling. Results suggest that nests are not built in agreement with the currently a ccepted "economy material usage" hypothesis because (1) the number of natur al forms is much less than expected under this criterion, and (2) there are non-optimal structures. Maximization of nest compactness is a new hypothes is that better predicts natural structures. By examining the predictions of different building rules and comparing model-generated structures to natur al nests, we found that the nest structure provides sufficient (quantitativ e) information for governing the building process on (or very near) the opt imal path. We assume that non-optimal natural forms are the consequence of rules of thumb being used by wasps during construction. A family of rules b ased on information on the age of cells was able to account for all natural forms, including the assumed optimal and non-optimal forms.