Water solutions of glucono-delta-lactone and glucono-gamma-lactone in equil
ibrium with gluconic acid were hydrogenated with molecular hydrogen in the
presence of a commercial carbon-supported ruthenium catalyst (5% Ru/C, Enge
lhard Escat 40). Reactions were conducted batchwise on 20 wt% solutions und
er 100 bar pressure in the temperature range 80-140 degrees C. Reaction rat
es were unexpectedly high at moderate temperatures (e.g., 0.58 mol h(-1) g(
Ru)(-1) at 100 degrees C) because lactones were probably the reactive speci
es. The selectivity to sorbitol at total conversion was larger than 99% at
temperatures lower than 100 degrees C. Kinetic study was done at different
temperatures, pressures and concentrations. Modelling of the reaction kinet
ics showed that the reaction followed a rate law corresponding either to th
e Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism without H-2 dissociation, or to the Horiut
i-Polanyi mechanism.