How children with neurofibromatosis type 1 differ from "typical" learning disabled clinic attenders: Nonverbal learning disabilities revisited

To further investigate cognitive deficits in children with Neurofibromatosi s Type 1 (NF-1), children with NF-1 were compared to typical learning disab led clinic attenders (LD-clinic), all of whom had reading disabilities, as well as to a group with no disabilities (NoDx). Results indicated that both the NF-1 group and LD-clinic group had reading and reading-related deficit s when compared to the NoDx group; however, the NF-1 group was more globall y language impaired than the LD-clinic group. In addition, the NF-1 group s cored significantly lower than the LD-clinic group, but not the NoDx group, on the visuospatial measures, thus confirming that children with NF-1 have visuospatial deficits not typical of a general LD-clinic population. The N F-1 group was not impaired in comparison to the NoDx group on certain langu age and visuospatial tasks that were previously found to be deficits in sib ling pairwise matched designs; thus, the importance of considering genetic and familial context when studying the impact of genetic disorders on cogni tion was demonstrated.