First aid anaphylaxis management in children who were prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector device (EpiPen)

Background: Epinephrine for first aid use by parents and other caregivers a nd in the form of an autoinjector device (EpiPen, Center Laboratories) is o ften prescribed for children who have had previous anaphylactic reactions. It is not known whether the EpiPen device is used appropriately during subs equent reactions and whether its use is able to prevent the complications o f anaphylaxis. Objective: Our purpose was to determine parental knowledge and practice con cerning first aid anaphylaxis management, the frequency of recurrent genera lized allergic reactions, the first aid measures taken, and the subsequent outcome of these reactions. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed with a telephone questionnair e of all children with a history of anaphylaxis who attended a specialist a llergy service and were prescribed an EpiPen autoinjector device. Results: Recurrent generalized allergic reactions occurred with a frequency of 0.98 episodes per patient per year and were more common in those with f ood compared with insect venom anaphylaxis, The EpiPen device was only used in 29% of recurrent anaphylactic reactions. Parental knowledge was deficie nt in recognition of the symptoms of anaphylaxis and use of the EpiPen devi ce, and adequate first aid measures were not in place for the majority of c hildren attending school. Those children in whom the EpiPen device was used were less likely to be given epinephrine in hospital and to require subseq uent hospital admission. Conclusion: The EpiPen autoinjector device is infrequently used in children with recurrent episodes of anaphylaxis; the reasons for this require furth er research. It is likely that parents and other caregivers will require co ntinuing education and support in first aid anaphylaxis management. When th e EpiPen device is used appropriately, it appears to reduce subsequent morb idity from anaphylaxis.