S. Wrenger et al., Down-regulation of T cell activation following inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 by the N-terminal part of the thromboxane A2 receptor, J BIOL CHEM, 275(29), 2000, pp. 22180-22186
Using synthetic inhibitors, it has been shown that the ectopeptidase dipept
idyl peptidase IV (DP IV) (CD26) plays an important role in the activation
and proliferation of T lymphocytes, The human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat
protein, as well as the N-terminal nonapeptide Tat(1-9) and other peptides
containing the N-terminal sequence XXP, also inhibit DP TV and therefore T
cell activation. Studying the effect of amino acid exchanges in the N-termi
nal three positions of the Tat(1-9) sequence, we found that tryptophan in p
osition 2 strongly improves DP IV inhibition. NMR spectroscopy and molecula
r modeling show that the effect of Trp(2)-Tat(1-9) could not be explained b
y significant alterations in the backbone structure and suggest that trypto
phan enters favorable interactions with DP IV. Data base searches revealed
the thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2-R) as a membrane protein extracellularly
exposing N-terminal MWP. TXA2-R is expressed within the immune system on an
tigen-presenting cells, namely monocytes, The N-terminal nonapeptide of TXA
2-R, TXA2-R(1-9), inhibits DP IV and DNA synthesis and IL-2 production of t
etanus toroid-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, TXA2
-R(1-9) induces the production of the immunosuppressive cytokine transformi
ng growth factor-pi. These data suggest that the N-terminal part of TXA2-R
is an endogenous inhibitory ligand of DP TV and may modulate T cell activat
ion via DP IV/CD26 inhibition.