Fluoroscopy is the best method for delineation of the radio-opaque elements
of prosthetic heart valves. It is the modality of choice for the validatio
n and quantification of leaflet motion abnormalities, and for the identific
ation of structural valve dysfunction. Normal values are shown. Echocardiog
raphy and fluoroscopy may be seen as complementary diagnostic techniques an
d, when used appropriately, may help to evaluate prosthetic valve function,
integrity and associated complications.