S. Lass et al., How do migrating daphnids cope with fish predation risk in the epilimnion under anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion?, J PLANK RES, 22(7), 2000, pp. 1411-1418
The vertical distribution of Daphnia in experimental tubes is influenced by
fish kairomone concentration in the 'epilimnion' and oxygen conditions in
the 'hypolimnion'. Daphnids trade off reduced predation mortality in a refu
ge against disadvantages due to unfavourable oxygen conditions.