Reindeer herding in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as in many other regions
across the Russian North, has been experiencing a progressive collapse sin
ce the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The collapse is typically b
lamed on Russia's privatization programme, which broke up collectivized rei
ndeer farms into supposedly privatized enterprises. While this process did
indeed bring significant changes to the practice of reindeer herding in Chu
kotka, this paper argues that a more fundamental issue is the political and
economic change at the local level that most likely makes the collapse irr
eversible. According to the rhetoric of the new "democratic" framework, the
majority rules, and their priorities take precedence. As a result, the ind
igenous peoples and their priorities - chief among which is reindeer herdin
g - have been squeezed into the political margins. This has been exacerbate
d by the development of a relationship of internal colonialism between domi
nant urban Russians and village-dwelling indigenous reindeer herders, which
has led to greater inequalities between the two groups as the Russians mon
opolize both resources and power in the region.