Lr. Boglioli et al., CARCINOID HEART-DISEASE WITH SEVERE HYPOXIA DUE TO INTERATRIAL SHUNT THROUGH PATENT FORAMEN OVALE, Texas Heart Institute journal, 24(2), 1997, pp. 125-128
Carcinoid heart disease occurs in approximately half of patients who h
ave carcinoid syndrome and is the leading cause of death among these p
atients. It is typically manifest as right-sided valvular lesions, usu
ally tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary valve stenosis. This case r
eport describes the unusual presentation of a patient with carcinoid h
eart disease and a large right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen
ovale.