Increasing the volume of a food by incorporating air affects satiety in men

Background: Previous research indicated that increasing the volume of food by adding water can lend to reductions in energy intake. However, the addit ion of water affects not only the volume but also the energy density (kJ/g) of foods. No studies have examined the effect of volume independent of ene rgy density on intake. Objective: We examined the effect of food volume independent of energy dens ity on satiety. Design: In a within-subjects design, 28 lean men consumed breakfast, lunch, and dinner in the laboratory 1 d/wk for 4, wk. On 3 d, participants receiv ed a preload 30 min before lunch and on 1 d no preload was served. Preloads consisted of isoenergetic (2088 kJ), yogurt-based milk shakes that varied in volume (300, 450, and 600 mi,) as a result of the incorporation of diffe rent amounts of air. Preloads contained identical ingredients and weighed t he same. Results: The volume of the milk shake significantly affected energy intake at lunch (P < 0.04) such that intake was 12% lower after the 600-mL preload (2966 +/- 247 kJ) than after the 300-mL preload (3368 +/- 197 kJ), Subject s also reported greater reductions in hunger and greater increases in fulln ess after consumption of both the 450- and 600-mL preloads than after the 3 00-mL preload. Conclusions: Changing the volume of a preload by incorporating air affected energy intake, Thus, the volume of a preload independent of its energy den sity can influence satiety.