Tobacco control efforts have been associated with a significant reduction i
n the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States. Efforts to reduce the
incidence of violent crime have been much less successful. This paper argu
es that progress on tobacco control stems from the existence of a clear, em
pirically based, and widely understood analysis of the tobacco problem that
articulates (a) the harms associated with its use, (b) the causes of tobac
co use, and (c) the programs and policies that could reduce tobacco use. Th
is analysis has guided the development of a network of social organizations
that have been advocating for policies and programs that are reducing toba
cco use. In contrast, there is not a widely shared, cogent, and empirically
based analysis of the problem of violent crime. As a result, efforts to co
mbat violent crime are fragmented and it has proven difficult to generate s
upport for preventive programs and policies. Substantial empirical progress
has been made, however; on how violent crime could be prevented. That evid
ence is reviewed. It is argued that the articulation of this evidence is a
critical first step for achieving widespread reduction in the incidence of
violent crime. Communication of that evidence to audiences that matter will
require that behavioral scientists become better organized to advocate for
the adoption of empirically supported practices.