The author presents a theoretic framework for understanding racism on 3 lev
els: institutionalized, personally mediated and internalized. This framewor
k is useful for raising new hypotheses about the basis of race-associated d
ifferences in health outcomes, as well as for designing effective intervent
ions to eliminate those differences.
She then presents an allegory about a gardener with 2 flower boxes, rich an
d poor soil, and red and pink flowers. This allegory illustrates the relati
onship between the 3 levels of racism and may guide our thinking about how
to intervene to mitigate the impacts of racism on health. It may also serve
as a tool for starting a national conversation on racism.