The size of the naive T-cell pool is governed by output from the thymus and
not by replication. This pool contributes cells to the activated/memory T-
cell pool whose size can be increased through cell multiplication; both poo
ls together constitute the peripheral T-cell pool. Aging is associated with
involution of the thymus leading to a reduction in its contribution to the
naive T-cell pool: however, despite this diminished thymic output, there i
s no significant decline in the total number of T cells in the peripheral T
-cell pool. There are, however, considerable shifts in the ratios of both p
ools of cells. with an increase in the number of activated/memory T cells a
nd the accumulation in older individuals of cells that fail to respond to s
timuli as efficiently as T cells from younger individuals. Aging is also as
sociated with ii greater susceptibility to some infections and some cancers
. An understanding of the causal mechanism of thymic involution could lead
to the design of a rational therapy to reverse the loss of thymic tissue, r
enew thymic function, increase thymic output, and potentially improve immun
e function in aged individuals.