INAA in combination with other analytical techniques in the study of urbanaerosol sources

Concentrations of elements in fine and coarse PM10 samples collected in Ho Chi Minh City were determined by INAA for the purpose of characterising air pollution sources using multivariate receptor modeling techniques. Seven s ources common to coarse and fine samples were identified. Resuspended soil dust is dominant in the coarse samples accounting for 41% of the particulat e mass. In the fine samples, vehicle emissions and coal burning are most im portant accounting for about 20% each. Although a great number of elements were included in the input data for receptor modeling, the interpretation o f emission sources was not always straightforward. Information on other sou rce markers were needed. Therefore, a polarography method was used for quan tifying lead, and recently, ion chromatography method became available for quantifying secondary sulphates, nitrates and other water soluble ions.