We propose a method for treating the boundary conditions at the exposed sur
face of semiconductor nanostructures, and compare the results from simulati
ons based on such a method with experimental measurements on test devices d
efined electrostatically by metal gates on AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures. In
particular, we show that the pinch-off voltage of quantum point contacts r
ealized with split gates can be reasonably reproduced, provided the lithogr
aphic gap is small enough. (C) 2000 Academic Press.