Lipid peroxidation in nicotinamide-deficient and nicotinamide-supplementedrats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Reactive oxygen species have been related to the pathogenesis of various di seases, including diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide has been used for the pre vention of the diabetogenic effects of streptozotocin (STZ) in animals. In the present study we assessed the effect of diets with deficient, normal or 17-fold supplemented nicotinamide concentrations on the rate of lipoperoxi dation in animals with STZ-induced diabetes. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups kept on one of the diets for six weeks: DD, diabetic rats on a nicotinamide-deficient diet; DN, diabetic rats on a normal nicotinami de diet; and DS, diabetic rats on a nicotinamide-supplemented diet. During the fourth week of the experiment all animals were fasted for 24 hours and injected into the tail vein with a single STZ dose (40 mg/kg weight). Eight animals from each of the six groups were then sacrificed 24 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks after STZ injection. Mean pancreatic thiobarbituric acid reacti ve substances (TBARS) (nmol/mg tissue) were significantly lower in the DS g roup (p < 0.05) compared to the DN and DD groups at 24 hours and during the first week. Hepatic TBARS concentrations (nmol/mg protein) did not differ between groups. Mean hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were signific antly higher (46.76 +/- 12.33 nmol/mg protein) in the DS group compared to the DD (32.90 +/- 6.70) and DN (24.55 +/- 6.41) groups,but only after the 2 4-hour period. Hepatic vitamin E consumption (mu g/g tissue) was considerab le in the groups not supplemented with nicotinamide, whereas vitamin E leve ls were unchanged in the supplemented group. In contrast, plasma vitamin E levels were decreased in the normal and supplemented groups after 1 and 2 w eeks. A higher N-methylnicotinamide excretion (mu g/ 24 hours) occurred in the supplemented group. We conclude that, after induction of diabetes with STZ, nicotinamide supplementation protected from the damage caused by the t oxic action of STZ, promoting lower lipid peroxidation.