Interleukin-4-independent production of Th2 cytokines by nasal lymphocytesand nasal eosinophilia in murine allergic rhinitis

Background: Interleukin (IL)-4 is believed to play an important role in the atopic pathogenesis. However, the precise role of IL-4 in the ill vivo ini tiation of allergic rhinitis is not fully understood. We have recently foun d that BALB/c mice sensitized intranasally with Schistosoma mansomi egg ant igen (SEA) mount a Th2 response that initiates allergic rhinitis. Thus, we sought to determine the role of IL-4 in the initiation of allergic rhinitis in vivo with this model. Methods: IL-3 gene-deficient (IL-4 -/-) BALB/c and wild-type (IL-4 +/+) con trol mice were sensitized by intranasal SEA administration, and their immun ologic responses were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Results: IL-4+/+ mice sensitized with SEA displayed significantly higher ti ters of SEA-specific IgG1 and IgE antibodies than IL-4-/- mice, while the l atter produced significantly more SEA-specific IgG2a. Antigen-stimulated na sal lymphocytes from SEA-sensitized IL-4-/- and IL-4-/- mice produced simil ar amounts of IL-5 and IL-IO, but neither produced IFN-gamma. Furthermore, the severity of nasal eosinophilia was similar in both groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that although IL-4 is necessary for the production of Th2-associated antibodies - in particular, IgE - it is not r equired for either the production of the Th2-associated cytokines IL-5 and IL-IO, or the induction of nasal eosinophilia.