Liquid surface tension has been used to pull different semiconductor wafers
to very close contact and strong bonding. Bonded wafers, such as GaAs/GaP,
were heat treated without pressure application to achieve wafer fusion. Th
e bonding process has been analyzed, and criteria for surface tension, wafe
r flatness, and elasticity have been derived. (C) 2000 American Institute o
f Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03031-X].