Dp. Bentz et al., Influence of silica fume on diffusivity in cement-based materials I. Experimental and computer modeling studies on cement pastes, CEM CONCR R, 30(6), 2000, pp. 953-962
Experimental and computer modeling studies are applied in determining the i
nfluence of silica fume on the microstructure and diffusivity of cement pas
te. It is suggested that silica fume modifies the inherent nanostructure of
the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, reducing its porosity and thus i
ncreasing its resistance to diffusion of both tritiated water and chloride
ions. Because the pores in the C-S-H are extremely fine, the relative reduc
tion in diffusion depends on the specific diffusing species. Based on the N
IST cement hydration and microstructural model, for tritiated water diffusi
on, the reduction in the diffusivity of the gel caused by silica fume is ab
out a factor of five. For chloride ions, when a diffusivity value 25 times
lower than that used for conventional high Ca/Si ratio C-S-H is assigned to
the pozzolanic lower Ca/Si ratio C-S-H, excellent agreement is obtained be
tween experimental chloride ion diffusivity data and results generated base
d on the NIST model, for silica fume additions ranging from 0% to 10%. For
higher addition rates, the experimentally observed reduction in diffusivity
is significantly greater than that predicted from the computer models, sug
gesting that at these very high dosages, the nanostructure of the pozzolani
c C-S-H may be even further modified. Based on the hydration model, a perco
lation-based explanation of the influence of silica fume on diffusivity is
proposed and a set of equations relating diffusivity to capillary porosity
and silica fame addition rate is developed. A 10% addition of silica fume m
ay result in a factor of 15 or mon reduction in chloride ion diffusion and
could potentially lead to a substantial increase in the service life of ste
el-reinforced concrete exposed to a severe environment. (C) 2000 Elsevier S
cience Ltd. All rights reserved.