Social aspects of epilepsy in the adult in seven European countries

Purpose: The social implications of epilepsy are ill-defined, and there are no comparative findings from differ ent countries. A multicenter cohort st udy has recently been completed on the risk of morbidity and accidents. The main social issues in the study population (patients with epilepsy and con trol subjects) an investigated and correlated to the clinical features of t he disease. Methods: Seven hundred six adult patients with idiopathic or remote symptom atic epilepsy and 662 matched controls without epilepsy were enrolled by se condary and tertiary centers in seven European countries (Italy, Germany, S pain, the Netherlands, England, Portugal, and Russia). At entry, patients a nd controls were interviewed, and data were collected on social variables ( education, current occupation, marital status, driving, involvement in spor ts, and insurance). The main clinical features of epilepsy (seizure types, frequency and tinting, disease duration, and syndrome) were also recorded. Results: The sample included 690 men and 678 women aged 18 to 86 years. The level of education (mostly basic or high school) was slightly higher among patients with epilepsy. More patients than controls were single (56% versu s 50%) or unemployed (18% versus 13%). Fewer patients than controls held a driver's license (44% versus 67%) or practiced sports (30% versus 41%). The distribution of each social variable varied significantly across countries , but with few exceptions, the differences between patients and controls we re fairly similar. Based on multivariate analysis, for patients with epilep sy the odds ratio for driving was 0.27, and the corresponding odds ratios f or sports involvement, better education, better occupation, and insurance w ere 0.59, 1.30, 0.60, and 1.49. Among patients with epilepsy, social variab les were correlated to seizure remission and selected clinical features. Conclusions: Comparative findings from different European countries support the concept that epilepsy has a considerable impact on driving and-to a le sser extent-on education, occupation, leisure activities, and insurance. Th e social implications of epilepsy in this sample are partly related to its severity and clinical features.