Ethnographically informed analysis for software engineers

It is increasingly recognized that human, social, and political factors hav e a significant impact on software systems design. To address this, ethnogr aphic studies of work have been used to inform the systems design process, especially in cooperative work settings where systems support several users working together. Based on our experience of these studies, we have invest igated the integration of social analysis into the systems design process b y developing an integrated approach to social and object-oriented analysis. New methods are unlikely to be adopted in industry unless they can be inte grated with existing practice. Our approach, called Coherence, addresses th is issue by helping identify use cases, generating initial use case models, and by using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) to represent social aspe cts of work that may have an impact on the design of computer-based systems . Coherence is the fusion of two well-established strands of research on et hnographically informed design and viewpoint-oriented requirements engineer ing. This paper introduces Coherence, and focuses on the support provided f or social analysis. We have identified three social viewpoints, namely a di stributed coordination viewpoint, a plans and procedures viewpoint and an a wareness of work viewpoint. Coherence is illustrated using a case study bas ed on an air traffic control system. (C) 2000 Academic Press.