Hydrothermal preparation of BaTiO3 thin films

In preparing BaTiO3 thin films under hydrothermal conditions, the effects o f concentrations of nutrient and mineralizer, and reaction time on crystall inity, grain size, surface roughness, and film thickness were investigated. Experiments were performed in the ranges of 0.1-1.5 M BaCl2. 2H(2)O or Ba( OH)(2). 8H(2)O and 0-1.5 M KOH with varying reaction time from 0.16 to 8 ho urs at 140 degrees C. Bimodal dispersion of crystalline grains on the surfa ce of BaTiO3 thin films was predicted through nucleation and crystal growth reaction. As the concentrations of nutrient and/or mineralizer increased, grain size of the thin film became smaller, but more uniform and compact. W hen 0.4 M Ba(OH)(2) . 8H(2)O was used with 1.0 M KOH, a reaction time longe r than 4 hours was required in order to fabricate BaTiO3 thin films.