This paper examines the development of the land lease market in rural China
. Special attention is paid to productive heterogeneity among farmers and t
he openness of the labor market in activating the land lease market. A theo
retical model is employed to explore the underlying connections. An econome
tric model is implemented using a tw o-period panel data set gathered in th
ree counties of China's Zhejiang province. The results show that productive
heterogeneity and a freer labor market do promote more land leases. The im
plications for the institutional change literature are discussed.