Two-fluid simulation on the mixed convection flow pattern in a nonisothermal water model of continuous casting Tundish

A transient two-fluid model is applied to simulate fluid flow and heat tran sfer in a nonisothermal water model of continuous casting (CC) tundish. The original liquid in the bath is defined as the first fluid, and the inlet s tream, with the temperature variation, is defined as the second fluid. The flow patterns and heat transfer are predicted by solving the three-dimensio nal (3-D) transient transport equations for each fluid. The results predict ed by the two-fluid model make the effect of natural convection more clear compared with the generally used single fluid model k-epsilon turbulence mo del.