Urinary calcium excretion in healthy Thai children

The objective of this study was to determine age-specific reference values for urinary calcium/creatinine ratios (UCa/Cr) of children in southern Thai land. Non-fasting urine samples were collected from a random population of 488 healthy children (282 males, 206 females) ranging in age from 17 days t o 15 years. Samples were divided into six groups by age. Subjects whose cal cium levels exceeded the 95th percentile within each age group were classif ied as having hypercalciuria. Pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria, urinary sodiu m, and potassium levels in children with normal UCa/Cr were compared with l evels in children with high UCa/Cr, The 95th percentiles for UCa/Cr (mg/mg) by age were: <6 months, 0.75; 6 months to <12 months, 0.64; 12 months to < 2 years, 0.40; 2 years to <5 years, 0.38; 5 years to <10 years, 0.29; and 1 0 years to <15 years, 0.26. Pyuria, hematuria, and proteinuria were no more prevalent in the 22 children with hypercalciuria than in children with nor mal urinary calcium levels. Urinary sodium/creatinine ratios (UNa/Cr) and u rinary sodium/potassium ratios (UNa/K) were correlated with UCa/Cr (r=0.41, P<0.0001 and r=0.24, P<0.0001, respectively). Urinary potassium/creatinine ratios (UK/Cr) were not (r=0.05, P>0.1). Children with high UCa/Cr ratios also had higher UNa/Cr and UNa/K (5.6+/-7.1 vs. 2.6+/-1.5, P<0.001 and 5.4/-2.3 vs, 2.5+/-0.23, P<0.05, respectively) The study established reference values for random, nonfasting UCa/Cr for healthy Thai children and indicat ed that urinalysis is not a good indicator of hypercalciuria.